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The primary receiving station for ETM+ data is the US Geological Survey's Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Substantially cloud-free, land and coastal scenes are acquired by EROS through real-time downlink, and by playback from the on-board solid-state recorder. Approximately 200 scenes are downlinked or played back per day. Another 50-60 scenes arrive each day on tape from the northern latitude ground stations in Norway and Alaska. These scenes consist of Alaskan coverage as well as recorder dumps from foreign land masses. On April 21, 2008, the USGS announced plans to provide all archived Landsat scenes to the public at no charge. Newly acquired Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-off and Landsat 5 TM images with less than 40 percent cloud cover are automatically processed and made freely available for immediate download. The downloadable inventory reaches back one year. Older scenes and imagery with more than 40 percent cloud cover can still be ordered, however, delivery takes days, not minutes. Only the L1T product is available. Previously offered USGS Landsat products with customer-defined projection options on various media are no longer available There are a number of organizations and data centers that have made their ETM+ data holdings available online. This data is generally free or available at a nominal reproduction cost.
The Landsat 7 satellite is part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). The EOS Data and Information System component (EOSDIS) provides a structure for data management and user services for products derived from launched EOS satellite instruments, future missions and relevant NASA Earth science data for the foreseeable future. Within the EOSDIS framework, the Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) are responsible for providing data and information services to support the customer community. These centers are responsible for data archival, product development and distribution along with user support. They are distinguished from one another by their data subject area. The LP DAAC (LP DAAC) is responsible for land processes data of which Landsat 7 is a part. The DAACS are linked by the Warehouse Inventory Search Tool (WIST) web portal which allows users to submit cross-discipline data (e.g. MODIS, ASTER) queries using spatial and temporal criteria, examine search results for relevancy using built-in tools, and submit orders via the EOS ClearingHOuse (ECHO) to the appropriate data providers. Landsat archive searching and downloading is now performed through the EarthExplorer and Global Visualization Viewer (GloVis) - two web portals developed by the EROS to replace the dated Global Land Information System (GLIS). EarthExplorer allows searches from Macs, PCs and Unix computers across multiple USGS maintained data sets. These data sets include Landsat 7, Landsats 1 - 5, AVHRR and aerial photography. GloVis simplifies the scene selection process via efficient retrospective examination of all acquisitions for a given WRS location. Two different product generation systems are used by EDC; the NASA-built Level 1 Product Generation System (LPGS) and the EDC-procured National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS). The two systems generate similar Landsat 7 Level 1 products but differences do exist. The user is allowed to choose the level 1 product rendering system. 12.2.1 Search TypesAn EarthExplorer search is performed by identifying the Landsat holding and then specifying a location via world map or place/address name. Additional criteria may include acceptable cloud cover, date range, and data type. A search commences and a results page is presented that lists all scenes meeting the search criteria. A set of links appears with each scene that allows one to examine the browse, download the scene, examine the scene's Earth footprint, and view the scene's metadata. Of particular metadata interest to users of ETM+ data are the cloud cover, data quality scores and the gain states for the individual bands which are needed to convert the scaled digital numbers to radiance units. The GloVis portal provides a rapid way of examining the entire acquisition history for a specific WRS location. Once a collection type is selected from a pull-down menu, a user either enters a longitude-latitude coordinate or clicks on a world map to zero-in on the desired land area. A 3 by 3 Landsat browse grid appears with compass keys that allow scene shifting navigation to the WRS of interest. A pull-down Map Layer menu allows for the overlay of land features such as major cities, rivers, roads, railways, and country boundaries. Search limits (e.g. cloud cover, date range) can be set using the Tools pull-down menu. Once a scene is selected and added to the order box it can be downloaded or ordered. A downloadble message is splashed on the browse if the scene is currently online. Otherwise, an on-demand order must be submitted.
There is no charge for Landsat data.
Landsat products (both online and ordered) are distributed via FTP electronic transfer only. Once ordered scenes are processed, an email notification is sent to the customer with instructions for downloading.
The IGSs represent an evolving worldwide network of Landsat 7 data collection and product generation centers. IGS data policy and product types may differ from those in the US. While foreign land masses will be imaged for onboard storage and eventual downlink to US controlled ground, stations the depth of ETM+ coverage at participating IGSs will be much deeper. Most, if not all, IGSs will capture every scene imaged by Landsat 7 within their respective acquisition circles. Table 12.5 lists the participating IGSs and provides points of contact and web site addresses for online catalogs.
Table of Contents Last Update: April 6, 2009
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